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The menopause happens when your ovaries stop producing eggs.
The eggs you produce stimulate your ovaries to produce oestrogen, so when you stop producing them, there is a drop in the levels of oestrogen in your blood.
This fall in hormone levels disrupts your menstrual cycle and produces the other symptoms that are associated with menopause.
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What are the possible symptoms and problems of the menopause?
The menopause is a natural event.
Every woman will go through it at some point.
You may have no problems.
However, it is common to develop one or more symptoms which are due to the low level of oestrogen.
About 8 out of 10 women will develop menopausal symptoms at some point.
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Although some women have no symptoms other than the ending of their periods, eight in 10 experience menopause symptoms.
Symptoms may be worse if your menopause happens suddenly, for example after surgery, rather than gradually.
They can include:
hot flushes and night sweats, sometimes associated with feeling faint or feeling your heart thumping fast (palpitations) - eight in 10 women experience flushes, most commonly in the first year after the last period
vaginal changes, such as dryness and loss of tone
difficulty sleeping (insomnia), due to night sweats or mood changes
loss of interest in sex (libido), related to vaginal changes, sleep problems or mood changes
mood changes such as irritability, depression or anxiety, although it's possible that these are due to life changes rather than the menopause itself
headaches
urinary changes - you may find you have reduced control of urination (incontinence) around the time of the menopause, but this is more likely to be caused by being overweight or by having had children in the past, especially if you have had more than one baby
The reduced levels of hormones can increase the risk of various health problems in the long term. These include:
osteoporosis (loss of bone density) - bones become brittle and break more easily
heart disease, increasing the risk of having a heart attack
stroke
weakness of the pelvic floor and vaginal muscles